JEWELLERY AND SMALL OBJECTS 1
Research, experiments and production details pertaining to the J&SO studio 1 course.

LUNAR TIME
Concept Statement
Observations of the waxing and waning of the moon have been around since humanity's earliest concepts of time. The lunar changes have guided our lives from pre-history and still have influence in many cultures today.
There are eight observed moon phases, new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter and waning crescent. These phases don't effect the moon itself, just our perspective of it as differing amounts are illuminated during it's orbit of our planet.
It is our human cultures that have assigned meaning to these cosmic events as we use the repeating rhythm of the universe to measure our months, seasons and lives.
Lunar Time would ideally be constructed of silver, long associated in colour and luster to the moon. For this prototype copper was used for its cost effectiveness and its relative similarity to silver in work-ability.
At the centre of the piece, fastening it together sits a bezel set Indian agate cabochon. This represents the Earth, at the centre of the moon's orbit and the foundation of our concept of time. I chose Indian agate because it's mottled green and pink tones remind me of an orbital view of Earth. Lapis lazuli would also be a suitable stone for this purpose. The stone is loose enough to spin in the setting, just as the Earth spins at the centre of the moon's orbit.
Beneath the centre stone sits three Cultural Hands. These Cultural Hands allude to clock hands, perhaps our most ubiquitous symbol of time. Each hand is patinaed with designs inspired by ornamentation traditional to cultures that have used lunar calendars. The cultures represented are Celtic, Islamic and Chinese.
The Culture hands sit on top of the Perspective Plate. A spiral emits from its centre, a common motif in representing the cyclical nature of time. At the edges of the plate lie eight holes, each partially covered by a dome. These domes represent how the moon is partially obscured during different phases of the moon cycle.
Under each dome sits a stone set in the Moon Plate. Opalite stones are used in the prototype where moonstones would be ideal. The eight stones are set identically, representing how the moon itself isn't effected by the phases we observe from Earth.
Behind the Moon Plate sits the Orbital Arm. Set with another moonstone, this piece extends beyond the edges of the previous two plates and turns, in an orbit, around the work to reference the cosmic nature of the celestial bodies at play.
Lunar Time represents both the physical nature of the moon's phases and how its observation has shaped human culture.



NOTES






PRE MID SEMESTER CRITIQUE
Studio work pre mid semester critique

Early design sketches.

Post lockdown design sketches.

Saw piercing practise- ibis.

Rolling mill embossing practise.

Wonky first butt solder attempt.

Riveting practise.

Saw piercing with design drawn on masking tape.

Star claw setting attempt

It didn't go well...

Unsuccessful ring soldering.

Sucessfully soldered and finishedtube ring.

Stone set in tube ring.

Bangle design. Negative space saw piercing, hammered in texture, also adding strength and shapped.

Design drawn on masking tape for saw piercing second alimunium bangle.

Making earrings made from offcuts of first bangle.

First attempt at shaping a pair of earing drops. I think I needed to use longer wire to start with for more room to shape the wire.

Displaying my work for mid-semester crit.
Draft Concept Statement
Exploration of the aesthetics of moon phases in relation to pagan spiritualism of the British Isles and techniques employed by ancient celtic jewellery makers. Representations of the moon are common across many cultures. I am not a spiritual person and am approaching it from an aesthetic and academic perspective. Given western academia’s ongoing penchant for objectifying and othering of outside cultures, I feel it’s most appropriate to focus on my own cultural heritage.
Critical Analysis of Mid Semester Critique Feedback
I had a lot to consider from the critical feedback at the mid-semester critique. I had forgotten the “art” in “art jewellery” and had been carried away with technical experimentation while my conceptual foundation remained nebulous. I took particular notice of these lines of the critique feedback “If you are making jewellery which is not spiritual and not commercial –what are you trying to say? What is your message to the audience? Who is your audience?” And set to finding the message in my work. I also made sure to look into the references cited, the Pitts River and British Museum Collection as well as the Alice Whish work. I had also managed to arrange an interview with a Historian friend, Andrew Robb who’s particular interest is ancient history. I cycled back to Clare’s suggestion to look further into Calendars and the threads of my concept drew together, giving me a solid direction for my work.
POST MID SEMESTER CRITIQUE
Pivoting to the subjectivity and representation of time. I looked into the Celtic calendar that lead to lunar calendars more broadly. I decided to incorporate my previous research into moon phases and early depictions of astral discs into a psudo-clock.
Sketches and mock up work on final piece.

Detailed initial break down of single parts to make up the Lunar Time piece.

Diagram sketch of Lunar Time with measurements.

Hand designs based on examples of ornimetation from civilizations that used lunar calendars.

Cutting out the holes from the perspective disc for the cardboard mock up.

I thought the orbital arm looked too chunky in the sketch, so reduced its thickness in the carboard mock up.

For my first attempt at the rings for the bezel I calculated the measurment using the radius, not diametre of the cabochon. Good to pick up on it before working in metal.

Cardboard bezels made with the correct calculations.

I soaked coardboard circles in water and shaped them over the cabochons to mimic the effect I would achieve using the doming block.

Cardboard mock up (sans culture hands) aligned on centre tube.
Work in process on final piece.

Bezel Setting- 0.7mm copper sheet had to be anealed and rolled through the press to >0.5mm to create a sheet of a suitable thickness for a bezel. The sheet was measured and cut as per the formular provided by Clare. Ring shaped and sized to slip over cabochon.

Bezel Setting- Ring sanded in a figure 8 pattern.

Bezel Setting- Ring soldered to larger sheet of copper

Bezel Setting- Bezel cut from sheet leaving 1mm< rim.

Bezel Setting- Base filed and sanded flust with ring.

Bezel Setting- wire ring soldered onto the top before pickle and polishing. Learned later that this alignment of wire ring would make polising and setting more diffcult.

Bezel Setting- Stone set in bezel, ready for final polish.

I saw pierced, filed and sanded three 240mm discs from 0.7mm copper sheet using a compass scorer to mark out the circumfrence. From there I used a protractor to score two of the discs at 45 degree intervals. As per the sketched diagram, I marked a 20mm circled on both discs. Where the lines interestect, I scored 12mm circles on one plate and 14mm circles on the other. Pictured, I am hammering out the 14mm circles from what would be the perspective plate.

After some trial and error, I found that 18mm discs when domed to a diametre of 14mm gave the appropriate curve. Four discs were shaped in this fashion. One was cut in half and two were cut at roughly 1/3. The moon domes where arranged over the holes cut in the perspective plate with a cabochon of approximate size was placed under to assess its visual placement as pictured.

Pictured is a work in process of soldering the moon domes onto the perspective plate. This was the most challenging soldering work I have done to date and I have learned a lot. I learned what ammount and consistency of flux I prefer, the ammount and placement of solder and the advantages and disadvantages of smaller or larger torches.

0.7mm sheet copper was anealed and rolled to <0.5mm. The sheet was cut to the appropariate length and cut in 3mm strips to allow for 0.5mm to be removed through sanding.

After the rings were soldered as pictured, the were shaped and sized using a mandrel and a rawhide malet. Each ring was sized to slip over the cabochon from both sides.

Having learned from soldering the perspective plate, I felt confident enough to solder the bezel rings onto the moon plate two at a time. This reduced the working time considerable. I used a thin layer of wet solder on the plate and ring, aligning the ring over the scored 14mm circle and placed the solder on the inside of the ring to keep it contained.

(Not pictured!) There was a lot of excess solder once both the moon and perspective plates were made. Clare showed me how to remove it with the sanding discs. These were very effective when sanding on the outside of the plates, but I couldn't angle them correctly to sand effectively on the inner side. After trying several different bits, I used a double sided cutting disc from my home kit. While effective, it left very course marks on the plate that after going over twice with all levels of sanding paper and habaris discs I wasn't able to remove completely. In future, I may try dedeco discs before resorting to the cutting disc again.

I only quickly sanded and wire brushed the moon plate as very little of it would show in the finished work before setting the opalite cabochons. I used the bezel pusher and burnisher. (Not Pictured!) I embossed a spiral onto the perspective plate using binding wire. I was careless with my hammering and hit two of my domes. I reshaped the domes using the curved and flat pliers. I used sand paper and a split mantrel and habaras discs before polishing the perspective plate and orbital arm on the lathe with tripoli followed by rouge.

(Not Pictured) I attempted to emboss my celtic hand design onto the copper but was very disappointed in the result. Pictured- two of the three culture hands drawn on masking tape that was stuck onto the sheet copper and saw pierced out. As the scorer would tear the tape, I ended up using a scalpel to cut the designs onto the metal.

With the faint scalpel marks on the metal, I used a vatiety of tools to carve out the designs to create a relief for the patina I would use.

After using the patina I went to sand back but was unhappy with where and how the patina was removed. I saw Annabelle Kirkpatrick apply the patina with a brush and knew that was what I needed. I used the dedeco discs to removed all the patina from the culture hands and polished them up to rouge on the lathe. After that I brushed on the patina in the areas I wanted. After some reniesaunce wax, I was ready for assembly.

I attempted to fashion a clip or fastener as per the diagrams in the earlier section. I concluded that with the time I had, designing and fabricating a functioning release would be unfeasable so took Clare's advice and riveted the piece together. As it was a difficult rivet to do, I asked Katie for guidance and she did a fantastic job of walking me through the process. I preformed the first lip of the rivet befor feeding it through the bezel setting and tube that the other pieces were stacked on and out of the base plate. Then with the bezel sitting on a 12mm anvil form and Katie helping balance the work I shaped the rivet on the base plate. After the rivet was done I could set the centre stone. I waivered from my original design to use the same stones I had for the other settings and decided to used indian agate (representing Earth at the centre of the moons orbit). This cabochon was fractionally smaller the the cabochon the bezel ring was sized for, so the stone spins in its setting. I consider this a happy accident.

Finished piece pictured having just finished construction.
RESEARCH
MOON
From this short write up I took the quote “...universally representing the rhythm of time as it embodies the cycle.” This line sums up my initial interest into looking at the moon cycles in relation to the subject’s theme of repetition.
MOON PHASES MEANINGS INFOGRAPHIC: A BEGINNER’S FRAMEWORK FOR FOLLOWING LUNAR RHYTHMS
My primary use for this source was an early reference for the eight moon phases. While I wasn’t initially interested in the spiritual aspects of each phase, after my interview with Andrew Robb, I followed the thread from ancient spiritualism and how it has evolved into the contemporary.
CELTIC FOLKLORE
This site, while quite interesting for a general background of the culture I was working to understand, had limited influence on my final concept.
CELTIC JEWELLERY: A LOOK AT THE HISTORIC MEANING
This page gives a good overview of the stylistic tendencies of celtic art as well as insights into metalsmithing techniques and materials.
CELTIC DREAMING
An example of a contemporary Australian jewellery maker with Irish heritage drawing on celtic traditions in their art.
HISTORY OF CELTIC & IRISH JEWELRY
This short article gives some details about the origin of Celtic culture in Ireland as well as the function and status of torcs. This is focused (obviously) of Irish Celts.
BRITISH MUSEUM- CELTIC
I browsed through the collection. The details were interesting but there was a frustrating lack of background on some of the work. I found I understood some of the pieces better after my interview with Mr Robb.
ONE OF THE EARLIEST KNOWN REPRESENTATIONS OF THE COSMOS
Example of early representation of the moon and cosmos. Also used to predict moon phases. “The disk wasn’t just an ornamental object but was used to anticipate phases of the moon and the schedule of the year according to the stars.”
EARTH'S MOON
Scientific understanding of what’s physically happening during moon phases. This influenced both the moon and perspective plates, the orbital arm and the centre stone.
SCOTLAND LUNAR-CALENDAR FIND SPARKS STONE AGE RETHINK
This article discusses the discovery of an early example of a calendar and connects moon phases with the human concept of time. ‘"What we are looking at here is a very important step in humanity's earliest formal construction of time, even the start of history itself," said Vincent Gaffney’
MOONSTONE SYMBOLISM
This article discusses the association between the moon and moonstone. This connection is why I chose moonstone to be the ideal stone set in my piece.
THE BEGINNING OF HIJRI CALENDAR
This article gave general insight into the Islamic or Hijri calendar. The use of the moon phases in their calendar is why Islamic culture was chosen as one of the cultural hands for my work.
CELTIC CULTURE: A HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA
Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 330.
This brief section confirms that the per-christian Celts used a lunar calendar and references the Calendar of Coligny. They were chosen for one of the cultural hands for their use of moon phases in their calendar.
UNITS OF TIME IN ANCIENT CHINA AND JAPAN
Units of Time in Ancient China and Japan. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Volume 56, Issue 5, 25 October 2004, Pages 887–904, https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/56.5.887
This article discusses in great mathematical detail how the Chinese developed their luni-solar calendar. “Chinese New Year” is also called “Lunar New Year” this is why Chinese culture was chosen as one of the cultural hands for my work.
EXAMPLES OF CHINESE ORNAMENT : SELECTED FROM OBJECTS IN THE SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM AND OTHER COLLECTIONS
Examples of Chinese ornament : selected from objects in the South Kensington Museum and other collections by Jones, Owen, 1809-1874; South Kensington Museum p.68
I used a small section of the art on page 68 to inspire the design of the Chinese Culture Hand.
GEOMETRIC PATTERNS IN ISLAMIC ART
I used the intersecting circle motif of the Tile from a Squinch image featured to inspire the Islamic Cultural Hand. I found these intricate designs difficult to condense into the shape of a clock hand, so was also inspired by the shapes of pillars at classical mosques.
CELTIC BRITAIN AND IRELAND ART AND SOCIETY
Celtic Britain and Ireland Art and Society by Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer, 1995, The Herbert Press.
The whole book was very informative particularly the section The Language of Celtic Art p 204 that indexed common designs and themes. For the Celtic Cultural Hand I referenced the Chertsey Scabbard mount and Sword on page 17.

The interview with Andrew filled in background information about Celtic culture that was missing from some of my other sources. He also started me thinking about how culture and technology (like calendars) moved along trade routes and how seemingly disperate people had surprising simularities. This inspired me to expand the scope of my work beyond the Celts to incorperate the perspectives of different civilisations.

NASA image showing the moon phases in relation to Earth. I used this image to inspire the perspective plate.

The spiral is a recurring symbol used in the representation of time. I embossed a spiral on the Perspective Plate to reference the passage of time.

Example of a Celtic Lunar Calendar in the shape of a wheel. The Chinese lunar calendar is also often represented in a circular shape. This is in contrast to the square shape of the current gegorian calendar.

Ancient plate with representations of celestial bodies.

Photo taken from Celtic Britain and Ireland Art and Society, used to design the Celtic Cultural Hand.

Example of contemporary jewellery featuring moon motifs.

Example of contemporary metalwork featuring Celtic and moon motifs.

The complex interlocking designs have a celestial vibe that is also reminicent of the geometric patterns found in Islamic art. The 3D technique also shares similarities with work I designed in QCA's Digital Jewellery course.

Brooch from the J&SO 100% Recycled show from the end of last year- Artist Unknown. I like the use of texturing and the message of the piece

Ring or Brooch from the J&SO 100% Recycled show from the end of last year- Clare Poppi. The text both contrasts with and complements the plastic costume gems. It's edgy yet light hearted.

Keychain from the J&SO 100% Recycled show from the end of last year- Clare Poppi. I like it for the same reasons I like the Trashy Bitch piece.
INDUSTRY ACTIVITY
JNSO COLLECTIVE
Young Designers Market
Over the 2019-2020 summer I helped run the Collective's stall at the Young Designers Market.
From this I learned valuable skills in setting up jewellery displays, maintaining inventory records, taking card payments and customer interactions.
JNSO COLLECTIVE
Business Card Redesign
I helped update the Collective's business cards. The previous design was good, but the information needed to be updated. I tweaked the design while maintaining the feel of the branding.
JNSO COLLECTIVE
J&SO Maker Monday
I submitted my responses to a brief interview and provided sample photos of my work for display on the Collective's Instagram page.
JNSO COLLECTIVE
I added a number of pieces made outside of class to be displayed and sold through the collective.
Submitted Work
JNSO COLLECTIVE
Spoke to the JnSO 1 class
When the representative couldn't make it to speak to the new JnSO students about the collective, I stepped in to give an overview of the collective and encouraged membership.
ADDITIONAL STUDY
QCA- Digital Jewellery
I took the Digital Jewellery course in T3 2019 to continue my jewellery making studies. I aimed to design work that would be very difficult or impossible to form using traditional methods.
ADDITIONAL STUDY
Laser cutting workshop
I attended Alex Innocenti's laser cutting workshops. I look forward to exploring how to incorporate laser cut/etched elements into my designs.
ADDITIONAL STUDY
Plinth Making Workshop
I attended Andew Forsyth's plinth making workshop and fabricated my own small plinth which I used to display my piece this semester. The bare plywood plinth is 'on trend' in contemporary art display at the moment.
ADDITIONAL STUDY
Griffith Museum Lunchbox Lectures
This lecture series focuses on the 'soft skills' of professional art practice. So far, we have covered arts sector institutional structures, curating and artist statements and handling of artworks. It is important to learn the skills that support one's artistic practice.
PERSONAL PRACTICE
I have undertaken to learn silicone mould making and low melt alloy casting at home to complement the skills learned on campus.
Home Learning
PERSONAL PRACTICE
Pallion Metal Examples
Using the silicone moulds I made, I was able to cast multiples of the same figure in casting wax. I then had these figures cast in each of the bronze alloys they offer, brass and silver. These will provide me with good references for choosing metals to cast pieces in in future.
PERSONAL PRACTICE
Home Studio Development
I have build a modest but growing collection of jewellery making tools for my home studio including a rotary tool, jeweler's saw, files and ring mandrels. I acquired these through various sources online as well as AJS and Bunnings.
EXHIBITIONS ATTENDED
I loved the premise of the show and seeing the creative outcomes from found objects. I would have liked to have participated but was studying Digital Jewellery at the time.
100% Recycled- Grey Street Gallery
COMMISSIONS
I have taken on several commissions to be pictured below.
Various

Figures back from Pallion in four kinds of bronze, brass and silver. Additionally standard and lead free low melt alloy.

Titaniam soldering pick shaped from wire for my home studio.

Flammingo bolo tie commission with polymer enamel and LMA cast feet.

LMA Sleeping rat figure with cat eye cabochon

LMA standing rat figure with indian agate sphere.

LMA flammingo feet and rose quarts earrings. I wanted to design more work using the flamingo foot mould I made for the bolo tie. The wire is threaded through the bead twice which had to be sized to fit.

Initial sketches for labradorite cabochon commission.

Post consultation design sketches for Labradorite cabochon commission.

Labradorite vien setting in silver back from Pallion with cabochon.

Current commission pieces being worked on. (on haitus to focus on assessment piece)

Pendant designed in Digital Jewellery. Printed in plastic through Shapeways. Silver jump ring and strung by hand.

Pendant designed in Digital Jewellery. Printed in steel through Shapeways. Silver jump ring and strung by hand.

I had the same design printed smaller and fashioned silver earing hooks.

Shapeways printing of a Digital Jewellery design.

Designed in Digital Jewellery. The printing was presice enough that these brooches can be successfully scanned using a QR reader.
